LIFE OF THE DEEP SEA FISH

LIFE OF THE DEEP SEA FISH

Deep-sea fish are animals that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fishes include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, viperfish, and some species of eelpout.

People have been fishing in the deep sea for over half a century. Over time, ever deeper ocean regions have become accessible to deep-sea fisheries. These hidden habitats are doubly endangered, because they are home to rare as well as sensitive organisms. Fortunately, the knowledge that these ecosystems require special protection is gradually becoming accepted.

Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor.[1] Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000–4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000–6000m deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200–1000m deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is minimal but still measurable. The oxygen minimum layer exists somewhere between a depth of 700m and 1000m deep depending on the place in the ocean. This area is also where nutrients are most abundant. The bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones are aphotic, meaning that no light penetrates this area of the ocean. These zones make up about 75% of the inhabitable ocean space.[2]

The epipelagic zone (0–200m) is the area where light penetrates the water and photosynthesis occurs. This is also known as the photic zone. Because this typically extends only a few hundred meters below the water, the deep sea, about 90% of the ocean volume, is in darkness. The deep sea is also an extremely hostile environment, with temperatures that rarely exceed 3 °C (37.4 °F) and fall as low as −1.8 °C (28.76 °F) (with the exception of hydrothermal vent ecosystems that can exceed 350 °C, or 662 °F), low oxygen levels, and pressures between 20 and 1,000 atmospheres (between 2 and 100 megapascals).[3]

In the nutrient-rich and highly productive coastal regions, massive reproduction is typical of many species, and this ensures their survival. Many deep-sea fish species, on the other hand, are characterized by slow growth, late sexual maturity, long life, and the production of fewer offspring. They are adapted to life at great depths, to a habitat in which unchanging environmental conditions prevail. The strong temperature fluctuations that can impact the reproduction of fish in shallow coastal regions are absent here. However, the deep sea is not as rich in nutrients as the coastal waters. The carrying capacity is almost exhausted and competition for food is great. Most species have therefore adapted by producing fewer, but highly competitive offspring. This reproduction strategy is called K-strategy (K refers to the carrying capacity of the environment). There is a high parental investment in the offspring. The eggs of many deep-sea fish are relatively large and rich in nutrients so that the larvae have a good chance of developing well.

FIVE (5) STEPS OF INVESTMENT PLAN FOR SMALL AND LARGE ENTERPRISES

A well calculated investment plan is an important tool to help you reach your financial milestones . Investment planning is very important to succeed in your investing journey. Creating a viable investment plan shouldn’t be ignored before you decide to invest your money even though it requires a little more than simply establishing a savings account and buying a few random shares of stocks , it still prepare s you for the normal ups and downs of the market and take advantage of opportunities as th ey arise. Here are few essential steps to guide you invest wisely: Step One The first step in making an investment plan for the future is to define your present financial situation. You need to figure out how much money you have to invest. You can do this by making a budget to evaluate your monthly disposable income after expenses and emergency savings. This will allow you to determine how much you can reasonably afford to invest. ...

Augustine Eguavoen Did A Fine Job As Super Eagles Coach

By now it is no news to any Nigerian sports fan, that Augustin Eguavoen and his entire team have been relieved of their duties at the helm of affairs of the Nigerian National team. Most Nigerians are happy with this development, with some claiming that his immediate predecessor, Gernot Rohr would have delivered better results. However, a simple analysis of events will clearly demonstrate that Eguavoen did a fine enough job given the circumstances. I will attempt to undertake this analysis by demonstrating, first that Eguavoen has a better record than one might realize, and secondly by comparing the performance of his Super Eagles with that of Afcon winners, Senegal, and runners-up Egypt. When Gernot Rohr was sacked a few weeks to the Afcon, knowledgeable sportspersons decried the move, citing the difficulty any new coach would face in setting up the team to play to his own patterns. In analyzing Eguavoen, therefore, it must first be understood that the new boss was operating unde...

Diabetes: Neediness, obliviousness sending Nigerians to early grave - Specialists

There is no refuting that the significant expense of diabetes treatment in Nigeria has prompted an expansion in the awkward and unnecessary passing of people living with the illness as of late. The expense of medications and examination of diabetes have represented an extraordinary test as more than two third of the number of inhabitants in the patients can't bear to purchase the medications and check themselves consistently which most times prompted confusions and, in some cases, passings. This was the situation of Racheal Utom, a 38-year-old woman who lost her passed on appendage to type 2 diabetes and was nearly losing the right a year later, because of her failure to stringently buy her medications and lead her examinations. Mrs Utom, who is engaging with diabetes mellitus, said the specialist told her a month prior that her five toes have been contaminated and right now rotted, yet they were making an effort not to remove the excess appendage. Utom, who uncovered that there w...

Flingpord

Search This Blog